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Background retinopathy: A type of damage
to the retina of the eye marked by bleeding, fluid
accumulation, and abnormal dilation of the blood
vessels. Background retinopathy is an early stage
of diabetic retinopathy. Also called simple or nonproliferative
(non-pro-LIF-er-uh-tiv) retinopathy.
Basal rate: A steady trickle of low levels
of longer-acting insulin, such as that used in insulin
pumps.
Beta cell: Cells that make insulin. Beta
cells are found in areas of the pancreas called
the Islets of Langerhans.
ladder: A hollow organ that urine drains
into from the kidneys. From the bladder, urine leaves
the body.
Blood glucose / blood sugar: The main sugar
that the body makes from the food we eat. Glucose
is carried through the bloodstream to provide energy
to all of the body’s living cells. The cells
cannot use glucose without the help of insulin
Blood glucose level: The amount of glucose
in a given amount of blood. It is noted in milligrams
in a deciliter, or mg/dL.
Blood glucose meter: A small, portable machine
used by people with diabetes to check their blood
glucose levels. After pricking the skin with a lancet,
one places a drop of blood on a test strip in the
machine. The meter (or monitor) soon displays the
blood glucose level as a number on the meter's digital
display.
Blood glucose monitoring: Checking blood
glucose level on a regular basis in order to manage
diabetes. A blood glucose meter (or blood glucose
test strips that change color when touched by a
blood sample) is needed for frequent blood glucose
monitoring.
Blood sugar: See blood glucose.
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN): A waste product
in the blood from the breakdown of protein. The
kidneys filter blood to remove urea. As kidney function
decreases, the BUN levels increase.
Blood vessels: Tubes that carry blood to
and from all parts of the body. The three main types
of blood vessels are arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Body mass index (BMI): A measure used to
evaluate body weight relative to a person's height.
BMI is used to find out if a person is underweight,
normal weight, overweight, or obese.
Bolus: An extra amount of insulin taken to
cover an expected rise in blood glucose, often related
to a meal or snack.
Borderline diabetes: A former term for type
2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.
Brittle diabetes: A term used when a person's
blood glucose level moves often from low to high
and from high to low.
BUN: See blood urea nitrogen.
Bunion: A bulge on the first joint of the
big toe, caused by the swelling of a fluid sac under
the skin. This spot can become red, sore, and infected.
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