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Gangrene: The death of body tissue, most
often caused by a lack of blood flow and infection.
It can lead to amputation.
Gastroparesis: A form of neuropathy that
affects the stomach. Digestion of food may be incomplete
or delayed, resulting in nausea, vomiting, or bloating,
making blood glucose control difficult.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): A type
of diabetes mellitus that develops only during pregnancy
and usually disappears upon delivery, but increases
the risk that the mother will develop diabetes later.
GDM is managed with meal planning, activity, and,
in some cases, insulin.
Gingivitis: A condition of the gums characterized
by inflammation and bleeding.
Gland: A group of cells that secrete substances.
Endocrine glands secrete hormones. Exocrine glands
secrete salt, enzymes, and water.
Glargine insulin: Very-long-acting insulin.
On average, glargine insulin starts to lower blood
glucose levels within 1 hour after injection and
keeps working evenly for 24 hours after injection.
Glaucoma: An increase in fluid pressure inside
the eye that may lead to loss of vision.
Glomerular filtration rate: Measure of the kidney's
ability to filter and remove waste products.
Glomerulus: A tiny set of looping blood vessels
in the kidney where the blood is filtered and waste
products are removed.
Glucagon: A hormone produced by the alpha
cells in the pancreas. It raises blood glucose.
An injectable form of glucagon, available by prescription,
may be used to treat severe hypoglycemia.
Glucose: One of the simplest forms of sugar.
Glucose tablets: Chewable tablets made of
pure glucose used for treating hypoglycemia.
Glucose tolerance test: See oral glucose
tolerance test.
Glycemic index: A ranking of carbohydrate-containing
foods, based on the food's effect on blood glucose
compared with a standard reference food.
Glycogen: The form of glucose found in the
liver and muscles.
Glycosuria: The presence of glucose in the
urine.
Glycosylated hemoglobin: See A1C.
Gram: A unit of weight in the metric system.
An ounce equals 28 grams. In some meal plans for
people with diabetes, the suggested amounts of food
are given in grams.
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