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Macrovascular disease: Disease of the large
blood vessels, such as those found in the heart.
Lipids and blood clots build up in the large blood
vessels and can cause atherosclerosis, coronary
heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease.
Macula: The part of the retina in the eye
used for reading and seeing fine detail.
Macular edema: Swelling of the macula.
Meal Plan: A guide to help people get the
proper amount of calories, carbohydrates, proteins,
and fats in their diet. See also food exchanges.
Metabolic syndrome: The tendency of several
conditions to occur together, including obesity,
insulin resistance, diabetes or pre-diabetes, hypertension,
and high lipids.
Metabolism: The term for the way cells chemically
change food so that it can be used to store or use
energy and make the proteins, fats, and sugars needed
by the body.
Mg/dL: Milligrams per deciliter, a unit of
measure that shows the concentration of a substance
in a specific amount of fluid. In the United States,
blood glucose test results are reported as mg/dL.
Medical journals and other countries use millimoles
per liter (mmol/L). To convert to mg/dL from mmol/L,
multiply mmol/L by 18. Example: 10 mmol/L _ 18 =
180 mg/dL.
Microalbumin: Small amounts of the protein
called albumin in the urine detectable with a special
lab test.
Microaneurysm: A small swelling that forms
on the side of tiny blood vessels. These small swellings
may break and allow blood to leak into nearby tissue.
People with diabetes may get microaneurysms in the
retina of the eye.
Microvascular disease: Disease of the smallest
blood vessels, such as those found in the eyes,
nerves, and kidneys. The walls of the vessels become
abnormally thick but weak. Then they bleed, leak
protein, and slow the flow of blood to the cells.
Mixed dose: A combination of two types of insulin
in one injection. Usually a rapid- or short-acting
insulin is combined with a longer acting insulin
(such as NPH insulin) to provide both short-term
and long-term control of blood glucose levels.
Mmol/L: Millimoles per liter, a unit of measure
that shows the concentration of a substance in a
specific amount of fluid. In most of the world,
except for the United States, blood glucose test
results are reported as mmol/L. In the United States,
milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) is used. To convert
to mmol/L from mg/dL, divide mg/dL by 18. Example:
180 mg/dL ÷ 18 = 10 mmol/L.
MODY: See maturity-onset diabetes of the young.
Monofilament: A short piece of nylon, like a
hairbrush bristle, mounted on a wand. To check sensitivity
of the nerves in the foot, the doctor touches the
filament to the bottom of the foot.
Mononeuropathy: Neuropathy affecting a single
nerve.
Myocardial infarction: An interruption in
the blood supply to the heart because of narrowed
or blocked blood vessels. Also called a heart attack.
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