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Saccharin: A sweetener with no calories and
no nutritional value.
Secondary diabetes: A type of diabetes caused
by another disease or certain drugs or chemicals.
Self-management: In diabetes, the ongoing
process of managing diabetes. Includes meal planning,
planned physical activity, blood glucose monitoring,
taking diabetes medicines, handling episodes of
illness and of low and high blood glucose, managing
diabetes when traveling, and more. The person with
diabetes designs his or her own self-management
treatment plan in consultation with a variety of
health care professionals such as doctors, nurses,
dietitians, pharmacists, and others.
70/30 insulin: Premixed insulin that is 70
percent intermediate-acting (NPH) insulin and 30
percent short-acting (regular) insulin.
Sharps container: A container for disposal
of used needles and syringes; often made of hard
plastic so that needles cannot poke through.
Short-acting insulin: A type of insulin that
starts to lower blood glucose within 30 minutes
after injection and has its strongest effect 2 to
5 hours after injection. See regular insulin.
Side effects: The unintended action(s) of
a drug.
Sliding scale: A set of instructions for
adjusting insulin on the basis of blood glucose
test results, meals, or activity levels.
Somogyi effect: Also called rebound hyperglycemia
-- when the blood glucose level swings high following
hypoglycemia. The Somogyi effect may follow an untreated
hypoglycemic episode during the night and is caused
by the release of stress hormones.
Sorbitol: 1. A sugar alcohol (sweetener)
with 4 calories per gram. 2. A substance produced
by the body in people with diabetes that can cause
damage to the eyes and nerves.
Split mixed dose: Division of a prescribed
daily dose of insulin into two or more injections
given over the course of the day.
Starch: Another name for carbohydrate, one
of the three main nutrients in food.
Stroke: Condition caused by damage to blood
vessels in the brain; may cause loss of ability
to speak or to move parts of the body.
Subcutaneous injection: Putting a fluid into
the tissue under the skin with a needle and syringe.
Sucralose: A sweetener made from sugar but
with no calories and no nutritional value.
Sucrose: A two-part sugar made of glucose
and fructose. Known as table sugar or white sugar,
it is found naturally in sugar cane and in beets.
Sugar: 1. A class of carbohydrates with a
sweet taste; includes glucose, fructose, and sucrose.
2. A term used to refer to blood glucose.
Sugar diabetes: Former term for diabetes
mellitus.
Sulfonylurea: A class of oral medicine for
type 2 diabetes that lowers blood glucose by helping
the pancreas make more insulin and by helping the
body better use the insulin it makes. (Generic names:
Acetohexamide, chlorpropamide, glimepiride, glipizide,
glyburide, tolazamide, tolbutamide.)
Support Group: A group of people who share a
similar problem or concern. The people in the group
help one another by sharing experiences, knowledge,
and information.
Syndrome x: See insulin resistance and metabolic
syndrome.
Syringe: A device used to inject medications
or other liquids into body tissues. The syringe
for insulin has a hollow plastic tube with a plunger
inside and a needle on the end.
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